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    Gallyas-silver stain

    Christiana.bjorkli, María José Lagartos Donate

    Published: 2022-02-15 DOI: 10.17504/protocols.io.b44cqysw
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    Abstract

    Simplified Gallyas-silver staining protocol that works for pathological staining in rodent and human tissue

    Steps

    Solutions that can be made in advance and stored in a fume hood

    1.

    Make 4% of  NaOH (sodium hydroxide) - use gloves, store in fume hood

    1.

    Make 4% of NaOH (sodium hydroxide) – sodium hydroxide – this is in the Kentros lab make in fume hood, use gloves, store in fume hood

    1.1.

    1g NaOH + 25ml H20

    2.
    2.

    Make 2 x 600ml dH20  – use gloves, store in fume hood

    2.1.

    1.5g ammonium nitrate + 1.2g silver nitrate + 3.6g of 4% NaOH

    Safety information
    Ammonium nitrate can cause an explosion with metalsReaction between silver nitrate and ethanol is explosiveReaction between silver nitrate and NaOH can form inflammable gases/vapors

    3.
    3.

    Make acetic acid  – use gloves, store in fume hood

    3.1.

    0.5%: 3ml acetic acid in 597ml H20

    0.1%: 0.6ml acetic acid in 600ml H20

    0.05%: 50ml 0.5% acetic acid + 450ml H20

    4.

    Make 0.2% potassium ferricyanide  – can be stored up to a week, use gloves, store in fume hood

    4.1.

    0.6g potassium ferricyanide in 300ml H20

    5.

    Make 0.5% sodium thiosulfate  - use gloves, store in fume hood

    5.1.

    1.5g sodium thiosulfate in 300ml H20

    6.

    Make 25%, 50%, 70%, 95% and 100% ethanol

    Solutions that need to be prepared on the same day of staining

    7.

    Make pyridine + acetic acid - use gloves, store in fume hood

    7.1.

    100ml pyridine + 50ml acetic acid

    Safety information
    Pyridine is incompatible with rubber, plastics, and metals! Very important to use butyl-rubber gloves with this chemical

    8.

    Make silver nitrate  (add in this order) - use gloves, store in fume hood

    8.1.

    100ml dH20

    0.192g ammonium nitrate

    0.2g silver nitrate

    0.6ml of 4% NaOH

    pH must be 7.5

    Safety information
    Ammonium nitrate can cause an explosion with metalsReaction between silver nitrate and ethanol is explosiveReaction between silver nitrate and NaOH can form inflammable gases/vapors

    9.

    Make A + B + C (1L) - use gloves, store in fume hood

    9.1.

    Solution A

    5g anhydrous sodium carbonate + 100ml dH20

    Solution B (add in this order)

    100ml dH20 + 0.19g ammonium nitrate + 0.2g silver nitrate + 1g silicongulistic (tungolistic) acid

    Solution C (add in this order)

    100mldH20 + 0.19g ammonium nitrate + 0.2g silver nitrate + 1g silicongulistic (tungolistic) acid + 0.66ml 37% formaldehyde

    A + B + C - use gloves, store in fume hood

    50ml A + 37.5ml B + 37.5ml C (25±2°C)

    Safety information
    Ammonium nitrate can cause an explosion with metalsReaction between silver nitrate and ethanol is explosiveReaction between silver nitrate and NaOH can form inflammable gases/vaporsFormaldehyde may cause cancer

    Consumables for staining

    10.

    17 x glass petri dishes

    20 x glass pipettes

    1 x rubber pump for glass pipettes

    Butyl rubber gloves

    Lab coat with long arms

    Protective eyewear

    Face mask

    Note
    Need to use glass petri dishes and glass pipettes for each wash

    Gallyas-silver staining

    11.
    ABCD
    StepReagent Minutes Comments 
    1dH203 or morePut in dH20 while preparing other solutions
    2Pyridine + acetic acid60On shaker
    350% ethanol3 
    425% ethanol3 
    50.05% acetic acid2.5 
    60.1% acetic acid2.5 
    70.05% acetic acid10Leave longer if necessary, to prepare silver nitrate
    8Silver nitrate60On shaker – make A+ B + C
    90.5% acetic acid10 
    10A + B + C6 (15min human)Do not let the tissue become dark, time is dependent on sample
    110.5% acetic acid1New
    120.2% potassium ferricyanide5On shaker 
    13dH201 
    140.5% acetic acid1New, can be reused 
    150.5% sodium thiosulfate2On shaker 
    16dH204 
    17dH204 
    180.5% acetic acid1Use the one from the previous step
    19A + B + C3-4On shaker
    200.5% acetic acid Use the one from the previous step
    210.2% potassium ferricyanide3On shaker 
    22dH201 
    230.5% sodium thiosulfate2On shaker
    24dH204 
    25dH204 
    260.5% acetic acid1New, can be reused
    27A + B + C3-4On shaker
    280.5% acetic acid1Use the one from the previous step
    290.2% potassium ferricyanide10On shaker
    30dH201 
    310.5% sodium thiosulfate2On shaker
    32dH20Fast wash 
    33dH205 
    34Dehydrate 3 in each50% - 70% -95% - 100% - 100% ethanol 
    35Xylene x 23 in each 
    36Coverslip   

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